The article mentions .gitattributes but does not mention a super useful property you can put in that file: you can use it to specify that part of your repo should not end up on a production server. We have this line in our .gitattributes:
/test export-ignore
That means that when a "git export" happens from git to our production server it skips all test files. (In our case Capistrano does that, no additional configuration needed.) You never want test files on a production server and it saves disk space to boot. Normal usage is not affected, in development or testing you would always do a "git pull" or similar.
While this is a good feature, I fear most people aren't aware of git archive. Of the more basic CI tools I have looked at, I didn't notice any of them using git archive. Capistrano is the first I now know of that does this. Are there any others?
There is also export-subst that is also used by git archive to create an output similar to git describe directly in a file.
I'm not very familiar with deploy tools other than Capistrano, but I would think you also do not want to have the .git directory with your entire repo inside the working directory on the production server, so I assume some kind of "git export" must happen at some stage on most deploy tools? (Or perhaps they just rm -rf the .git directory?)
tangential, but deploys/builds that involve worktrees happen to neatly sidestep this since then .git is just a pointer to the real one. i use this to avoid having to otherwise prevent docker from wasting time reading the git info into the build context (especially important for latency if feeding local files into a remote image build)
/test export-ignore
That means that when a "git export" happens from git to our production server it skips all test files. (In our case Capistrano does that, no additional configuration needed.) You never want test files on a production server and it saves disk space to boot. Normal usage is not affected, in development or testing you would always do a "git pull" or similar.