Shared screens was the norm in Europe too, but pneumatic headphones is something I've never seen on a European carrier at all - not at all ruling out some might use them, after all, there are many of them and I've by no means flown them all. I wonder, though if it's another case of tech that may have been skipped by airlines that e.g. didn't add inflight entertainment as early as others and so got to "skip ahead" a generation. Most of the European airlines I'd have flown with while younger would have predominantly flown short-haul flight where inflight entertainment might have not been a priority until fairly recently.
I haven't seen a inflight entertainment console in a few years of flying. There's a trend for some carriers in the US to remove them since most passengers would rather use their own tablet, phone, or laptop with much higher quality; and the carrier can sell them wifi.
I've recently been on a plane which had some kind of small phone/tablet mount on the back of the headrests so that you could actually pull it down and put your phone/tablet on it to watch a movie. Great UX, because everybody is on their own devices all the time anyway.
I've also don't remember seeing them in Europe when flying as a child during the 1990s. Yes, there were shared CRTs every 10-15 rows or so, but the earphones were your run-of-the-mill electric earphones, usually with a two prong connector.
I have to add these were all international flights (this was mostly pre-Schengen, and in any case I don't believe I've taken a flight between Schengen Area countries until 2023), so I'm not sure if shorter distance flights would have been different. The mid-distance flights (> 2.5 hours) I've taken would generally have in-flight entertainment if it wasn't a budget option. Some of the cheaper flights had no screens (or maybe they had ones, but didn't want to pay for the movie) and still had earphones slots connect to a set of inflight radio stations (that were also available when there was a movie being played, as an alternative).
So yes, it was an arguably "superior" experience with selectable audio, volume buttons and rather crappy drivers directly inside the earphones.
I guess the airlines went with whatever was cheaper? For a while, pneumatic headphones (in a system with 100+ headphones) probably were cheaper overall than electronic ones, but with the constant decrease of electronics prices, by the 1990s they probably were only still there for legacy reasons...
Same experience here, never seen a "tube" type headphone on any European airline, but several carriers used weird headphone plugs so they could still sell you headphones.
