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In linguistics, the study of human languages, a big deal is made about how while there are supposed rules about how languages work ("you must never end a sentence with a preposition"), the real object of study is how humans actually use language, which is frequently pretty far removed from how people even self-report their behavior.

Programming languages as a subset of computer science are a purely mathematical thing, where we can use Turing's ideas from the 1930s today to inform type systems. But they're used by humans and humans are fuzzy; they choose "objectively bad" languages like PHP. That doesn't mean to say that science no longer applies -- it just means whatever metric we're using to judge PHP as bad is not the metric that causes a language to succeed. That is still an area worthy of research.

(Not a direct response to the article, sorry. Got a bit carried away.)



This is just a wider reflection of a very common pattern--success is only vaguely correlated to quality. If anything, success is heavily dependent on qualities of the environment rather than the thing in question, so there is probably no way to just look at something in a vacuum and decide if it will succeed. Really, the metrics aren't at necessarily at fault, the "market" is--people choose an inferior product for whatever reason and then stick to it.

You can see a division like this in many other fields, particularly the arts and literature--most popular literature isn't "great" and most "great" literature isn't (as) popular. So the natural parallel is that PHP, Python...etc are like the thrillers at the top of the best-sellers list and Scheme, Haskell are like what you would read in an English class.

And really, this makes sense--whenever anybody talks about the quality of a programming language, they are talking about whether they would use it themselves rather than whether the public at large would use it. So it is completely reasonable to have a "lower quality" language be more popular than a "higher quality" one.

Coincidentally, while I talk about high quality and low quality, I do not mean to denigrate popular languages. After all, sometimes a thriller is all I want on a plane ride! And it could be a perfectly fine book indeed. But that does not mean it's a better book than Ulysses.




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