Very little "rubber" is actual natural latex rubber. Balloons, certain hose, and some gloves are natural latex, as are about 40% of the material in tires. The rest is synthetic elastomer. EPDM and Buna-N/nitrile are probably the most common.
Teflon is not rubber, but viton is fluorinated elastomer, and it's used everywhere as well.
Teflon is not rubber, as far as I know PTFE are petro- flourochemicals