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Giant 555 Timer (hackaday.com)
204 points by ggoo on Dec 20, 2021 | hide | past | favorite | 40 comments


This is awesome. I built a metronome from a Forest Mims book and parts I bought at RadioShack back in the day, so it's nice to see the timer in all it's glory. One of my biggest surprises when I reported for duty on a submarine in the early 80's was that most of the electronic systems were discrete components.

https://www.radioshack.com/products/getting-started-in-elect...


The other day, an HN post showed RadioShack.com has changed hands and the home page is all about a new type of crypto. Just checked, still is.

I’m surprised that RadioShack link still works, including the Add to Cart and Checkout buttons! Maybe the new owners are keeping the old e-commerce side alive?


I was wondering that too. I did some road trips in 2020 and was surprised to run across a functioning RadioShack in Montpelier, Idaho [1] so it's not dead. There's even a Tandy Leather store in Portland [2]. According to Wikipedia, the eCommerce portal is a going concern along with 500 franchises [3] and the branding, which is now owned by Tai Lopez and Alex Mehr who are taking into crypto-currency. The Radio Shack saga continues. Probably not interesting to younger people, but I have to admire the staying power of the brand when companies come and go all the time. Especially when I consider the Fry's Electronics in Silicon Valley are all shut down or selling junk on consignment. I don't know what happened there.

[1] https://www.google.com/maps/search/radioshack/@42.3132621,-1...

[2] https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tandy+Leather+Portland+-+2...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RadioShack


I thought they were all gone by now, but just this last Saturday, I drove past a Radio Shack store in Farmington, MN!

Wonder if they actually still have components or it's Yet Another Cellphone Store!


Fry's is done. All stores closed.


I read an interview with the original inventor of the 555.

He was actually embarrassed at its crudeness, and would have done it very differently at the later date.

I guess there was an attempt at an updated version, but it didn't sell.


Found the interview: [1]

> The thing is that this is not a good design (the 555). I had a few years of experience, I’d say about five years, but I had no teacher, and I had to learn it by myself.

> You know it was really the beginning of design, so looking at it now, I would say “I wouldn’t do it like that again”. But nobody has actually changed it - it is still the same. They have shrunk it, they shrunk the dimensions. It was a 10 micrometer design, that was the standard size. You could make it in four (micrometers) now. This is more die per wafer, but nobody has changed the arrangement or the schematic.

> As a timer, you know, you trigger it and it runs for a certain time, it is very good. It has a temperature coefficient of like 23 parts per million. Over a large temperature range, that’s like .1 %. Its very stable. In free running mode, as an oscillator, its not so good, about 150 parts per million. And that you could improve down to about 10 ppm. So you could make an improved product. I’m amazed and stunned that in 30 years, somebody hasn’t looked at the schematic and said, “I can make this better”, so for the same area and same cost, and then they have a better product. Nobody has done that.

[1] http://www.semiconductormuseum.com/Transistors/LectureHall/C...


Of course he could make it better. Everybody can. The issue is if it makes sense. The only engineering science where improving something is (stil) cheap is SW. Although SW seems to be cursed and almost every improvement they make is a complete redesign. 555 is a cheap signal generator. It is very good at what he does. When you need a better one you can have a uC ( which you need to program and test) or a synthetiser ( which is more expensive). No need to thrash it just because it is old.


Eh, he said it could be improved for the same area and (per-unit) cost, and I trust he knew what he was talking about. Amortized across all the number of units sold, the redesign cost is very little with modern methods.

I enjoyed reading the interview. Besides this snippet, he talked about how modern design differs from back when he made the 555. It's always super impressive to me when someone keeps up with their craft through such huge technological changes.


He actually published a book on analog circuit design, which is freely available here:

http://www.designinganalogchips.com/_count/designinganalogch...

In one of the later chapters he introduces an updated NE555 design.


Bob Pease wasn't a fan either: https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/analog/article...

Like the 741 op amp its one of those inferior yet friendly teaching tools used heavily in academia.


Further gold in the comment section:

>Eh can be done with a single 555 timer…


Related is EvilMadScientist’s surface mount 555 kit: https://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/922


They also make a fully discrete kit: https://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/652


Both versions of the kit use all discrete components.

The difference is that the kit GP linked has surface-mount components, while the one you linked has through-hole components.

I built the through-hole version a few years ago, and it was great fun to try some classic 555 circuits.

If anyone is unsure of their soldering skills, the through-hole kit would likely be the easier one to start with.

Evil Mad Scientist makes some awesome stuff.


Oops, yeah, you’re absolutely right.


People complain about thin computers these days... but this, right here, is the core of the issue: we need thicker ICs, only then will we finally get back our much missed "luggable" computers. No more electron tunnelling, electro migration, super scalar nonsense. We need good ol' fashion sturdy, reliable, hand drawn ICs.


Since the original 555 was developed in 1971, I'm wondering if the inventor[1] or Signetics, the company where he worked, would have made a similar physical mock-up in those days before electronic circuit simulation software existed.

[1] Apparently it was a single electronics engineer, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Camenzind


Yes, almost certainly. Designs were routinely breadboarded into the 1980s. Maybe discrete transistors, maybe a mix of transistors and some simpler ICs. Even big designs got the treatment -- the Intel 4004 creators speak of a breadboard prototype in one of the oral histories.

My impression is that such prototypes were something given up quite reluctantly. It's the best way to verify your design works, after all. But eventually ICs developed enough. Either so tiny in process, that they behave electrically very different from circuits with macro components. Or simply so large in design, that it would cost more to build a discrete component prototype than just do a prototype mask run.


Probably, although by then you could get op amps and flip-flops as ICs. A 555 timer is two comparators, a flip-flop, an inverter, and a power transistor. If you have those building blocks, you can make one easily.


What a great project Idea! I have often looked at the internal schematic of the 555 and wondered if it could be made with discrete components - now I know that it is possible :-)


If you want something in kit form, I’m a big fan of this: https://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/652

It’s a beautiful representation of a 555 timer in discrete component form - and functional too.

The 555 timer itself is a pretty simple IC since it’s just a few dozen transistors and resistors at its core.


For those in the UK, the kit is also available through Pimoroni - https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/the-three-fives-kit-a-dis...


Evil Mad Scientist 555 timer kit is a beauty! Very sweet kit, and it looks wonderful.


I build something out of a 555 just the other day!

https://twitter.com/njcw/status/1467522736000053256

Its the primary (20kV) for a tesla coil. The 555 toggles a power MOSFET which drives the primary of a car ignition coil making a nice crackly 20 kV spark.

The 555 was my first introduction to electronics. I still have the 555 book my dad gave me back in the 80s!


Feel free to double check my math, but a modern M1 CPU with its ~16 billion transistors would be about 380 million times bigger (imagine a square ~1.7 miles on a side)


It would take an electric signal about 40ns to travel from the center to one corner and back, and a signal certainly needs to do more than that in a clock cycle, so the physical limit on its operational frequency would be well below 25 kHz. If you want comparable computing power to a regular M1, you'd need to build a tower of them at least 100,000 high. On the plus side, you could build a city on the stack and no one would need heating in the winter. The cluster should be powerful enough to coordinate the traffic lights. Synergy!


> The cluster should be powerful enough to coordinate the traffic lights.

This probably says more about how bloaty modern software development is, than the capabilities of your hypothetical macro-M1. You wouldn't need a cluster. Just one should do. The entire traffic light system of San Francisco ran on a few PDP-8 controllers, once. About as fast as the macro M1 at 25 kHz. (Even at 25 kHz, with parallel execution, it'd still be completing hundreds of thousands of 64-bit-data instructions per second, running circles around something like the original IBM PC or even the early Macintosh.)

With hardware so cheap and software stacks so deep these days, we often grossly overestimate the number of cycles really necessary to complete a task.


Well I assumed it would be an electron app because getting it done with a shedload of giant 555 timers wouldn't be as funny :)


40ns = 25MHz.


Oops. It's 40ms!


That's 25Hz, isn't it? Better stay of the eggnog until Christmas Day.


And the history of the 555: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC


there's a youtube channel where the guy build a 555 out of vacuum tube:

https://youtu.be/bjAlzA4Cyys

he also made a working 1 bit processor the same way:

https://youtu.be/q9oB-6963DU


Interview of the 555 creator, which I find fascinating:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3vpu67uu28


Direct video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDjzL_fKQDE

edited out my comment.


You really think hackaday is blogspam? The youtube poster likely posted the article at hackaday. Every embedded guy I know loves this site.


I stand corrected.


I think Hackaday deserves better than being called blogspam.





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